Annotated Bibliography

The Columbia Encyclopedia talks about artificial sweeteners. They go over the facts and figures of three different sweeteners, saccharin, cyclamates, and aspartame. Claiming that they are all many many times sweeter then regular sugar.

"artificial sweetener." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2008.
Encyclopedia.com. 21 Oct. 2010 .

This article talked about other, not so common ways to use sweeteners. In products such as wine, baking, and food browning and carmelization. Because of these unusual uses, artificial sweeteners are becoming even more popular, manufactures are finding a way to use them besides the normal soda and coffee sweetener.

"sweetener." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 21
Oct. 2010
.

In “One Lump or Two?” it is argued that artificial sweetener; Splenda in particular, can cause cancer. A U.S. study by a group of scientists found sucralose doesn’t give the beneficial gut bacteria in rats. I found this article under the discipline of Environmental Sciences.

McNeil. "One Lump or Two?" EBSCO Host. Nov. 2008. Web. 19 Oct. 2010.
79c152-0b03-44ac-9dd1-
831867599239%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%
3d#db=8gh&AN=35287777>.

In “The Intensity of Sweetness” Anon talks about the global markets for artificial sweeteners. The growth in markets for the sweeteners, sugar confectionery applications, new product development, and potential future trends are all discussed. This article is mostly about the future and economic growth of sweeteners rather then their effects on the consumers. I found this article under the discipline of Food Science.

Anon. "The Intensity of Sweeteners." EBSCOHost. 2010. Web. 19 Oct. 2010.
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a4769a0966e4%40sessionmgr12&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d
%3d#db=ffh&AN=2010-09-Tb1780>.

Third Annotation Assignment-Brooke Davis

Discipline: Women’s Studies - Sociological Abstracts (CSA)
Keywords: Women AND food
Madden, Helen, and Chamberlain Kerry. "Nutritional Health, Subjectivity and Resistance: Women’s Accounts of Dietary Practices." Sage Publications, Inc. 14.3 (2010): 292-307.
The argument of this article is stating that mothers have a great influence on what children eat, but also that children have the power and ability to persuade mothers what food to purchase. This can easily lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. There are numerous studies she shows that proves her argument. This is useful to me because it deals with exactly my topic involving women being part of the blame for obesity in the United States; by influencing and creating bad habits for their children.

Discipline: Women’s Studies - Sociological Abstracts (CSA)
Keywords: Women AND food OR obesity
Cairns, Kate, Josee Johnston, and Shyon Baumann. "Caring About Food: Doing Gender in the Foodie Kitchen." Sage Publications, Inc. 24.4 (2010): 591-615. Web. 21 Oct 2010.
The argument of this article is that gender plays a major role when working in the kitchen and who is supposed to make food. “Foodies” refer to people with a passion for eating and learning about food. Food is also related to privilege. This is useful to me because it deals with gender and food, and can tell be about women and their relation to food.

Encyclopedic Sources:
Encyclopedia of Food and Culture-Carole M. Counihan
Charles, Nickie, and Marion Kerr. Women, Food and Families. Manchester, U.K., and New York: Manchester University Press, 1988.
This section of the encyclopedia argues that women have the responsibility to cook and prepare food in a household. Despite this responsibility along with their other daily routines, they argue that men will still always have the power in a household. To them, women cook for men, making men have the power. This article is useful to me because it relates to women and food, and their responsibility of cooking which leads to my point of them causing obesity.

Encyclopedia of Food and Culture-Carole M. Counihan
Counihan, Carole. The Anthropology of Food and Body: Gender, Meaning and Power. New York: Routledge, 1999
This section of the encyclopedia argues that the way we think about food, eat food, and make food relates to gender-power relations that are already culturally determined. She argues that women can easily gain their power through food by their control over food preparation. This is useful to me because it talks about the control women have over food and the power they get from it. With this in mind, it can be another reason as to why they are somewhat of the cause to obesity issues.

Hayley Pearce- Annotations

Works Cited
Ambulance, By. "How Are Eating Disorders Treated? - Health News Story - KIRO Seattle." Seattle News, Weather, Traffic, Video and Sports I Pacific Northwest News I KIRO 7 Seattle, Washington. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. .
This article argues that some medicinal treatments are more effective on bulimic patients than they are on anorexic patients. According to Dr. Evelyn Attia, of the New York State Psychiatric Institute, antidepressant medication does not help anorexic patients gain back the weight or keep it on, but it does help bulimic patients. Treating anorexia is more difficult because patients often relapse but studies have shown that long-lasting, inpatient programs are most effective. This is useful to my research because it provides a kind of treatment that is successful that I had not yet come across in my research.

Maloney, Katie. "Anorexic Teens Get Boost From Family-Based Therapy - Newsweek." Newsweek - National News, World News, Business, Health, Technology, Entertainment, and More - Newsweek. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. .
In this article, Maloney argues that recent research suggests that family-based therapy provides anorexic patients with a better long-term prognosis for recovery rather than individual treatment. These studies have shown that “including the family…leads to a faster, more complete, recovery…” This will be helpful with my research because from the books I have used so far, many claim that familial issues are one of the causes of a patient developing anorexia. Although it is not the main cause, it is still a major factor in the onset of anorexia.

"Researcher Says Anorexia May Be Genetic | Seattle News, Weather, Sports, Breaking News | KOMO News | Health." Seattle News, Weather, Sports, Breaking News | KOMO News. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. .
This article argues that anorexia nervosa have a genetic factor and isn’t solely a psychological disorder. According to Craig Johnson, a researcher at a Tulsa, Arizona clinic, a “person [that] has a family member who has had anorexia nervosa, she or he is 12 times more at risk of developing the illness.” This article is going to be helpful because I have run across this information in previous books I have used and I now know that it is still relevant information and is still considered a major cause of anorexia.

"Understanding Eating Disorders | KING 5 TV | Seattle News, Local News, Breaking News, Weather | Archive." KING 5 TV | Seattle News, Local News, Breaking News, Weather. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. .
In this article, Lisa Cannon describes the differences, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating, all prominent eating disorders in our society. She explains why diagnosing anorexia is difficult because most individuals suffering from it “refuse to recognize that they have a problem.” Cannon states that in order to treat the patient, she must first be brought back to a healthy weight and then cognitive-behavioral therapy can take place. This research is helpful to me because it reiterates the information I have already looked up: family-based therapy works very well, anorectics rarely admit or believe they have a problem and a returning to a healthy weight and maintaining that weight are the goals of treating the anorexic patient.

Rumney, Avis. Introduction. Dying to Please: Anorexia, Treatment and Recovery. Jefferson, NC: McFarland &, 2009. 7. Print.
In Dying to Please: Anorexia, Treatment and Recovery, by Avis Rumney, she describes her struggles with anorexia nervosa. Rumney also describes what causes anorexia, disorders that may accompany it, attributes of anorexia, the road to recovery and how to best approach a treatment solution. I have found this source helpful throughout all of my research. It not only provides a first-hand encounter with the disorder, but it also provides background information on how to help someone suffering.

Way, Karen. Introduction. Anorexia Nervosa and Recovery: A Hunger for Meaning. New York: Harrington Park, 1993. 1-7. Print.
Karen Way gives a brief synopsis of her struggles with anorexia nervosa in Anorexia Nervosa and Recovery: A Hunger for Meaning. Way describes how she became very aware of her weight in college, where she was at a healthy weight, while living with a roommate who felt significantly overweight when she wasn’t. She struggled with anorexic tendencies until she became aware of the harm she was doing to her body. Way’s book has helped my research because, like Avis Rumney’s personal account, Way talks about her struggle with anorexia and how she stopped it before it got too far.

Black, Lehmann book sources, Jennifer C.

Black, Maggie. The Medieval Cookbook. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1992. Print. Black’s book exactly what the title illustrates it is a cookbook of Medieval food. The book explains the medieval banquets and social and cultural design to it all. Throughout the book there are recipes of interpreted dishes that may have been eaten back in the day. This book is a useful example on the today’s interest in Medieval food regardless of exactly how accurate the professionals know it to be.

Lehmann, Gilly. The British Housewife: Cookery-books, Cooking and Society in Eighteenth-

Century Britain. Totnes: Prospect, 2003. Print. The book goes into detail about some changes historians have seen in the cookery book world especially in Medieval to 18^th century England. Not only does he give information on the cooks and the social context in each period, it breaks down some cookbooks into statistics that can better analyze the change of cookbooks. This is very useful when I want to talk about the transition of time periods along with the transformation of cookery books themselves.

Popular books - Erin Buch

Daniel, Carolyn. Voracious Children: Who Eats Whom in Children's Literature. New York, New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2006. Print.

In this book, Carolyn Daniel asserts that food plays an integral role in children's literature and in fact traverses over several other areas within children's literature as well. These concepts include food's relation to identity, control, manners, cannibalism, and motherhood in books directed towards kids. Ultimately, this book would help me explore other aspects of food in children's literature.

Hyman, Gwen. Making a Man: Gentlemanly Appetites in the Nineteenth Century British Novel. Athens. Ohio University Press, 2009.

Gwen Hyman argues that the gentlemen portrayed in British novels personify circulating class concerns. Her book scrutinizes several Victorian novels, exposing the supporting male lead role most gentlemanly characters in the novel adopted. All in all, this book would help in further analyzing food in Victorian literature, and may function to serve in a gender-analysis comparison.

Deborah Cate- Popular Books

Olfman, Sharna. Childhood Lost: How American Culture Is Failing Our Kids (Childhood in America). Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishing, 2005. Print.
This book demonstrates the link between problems with society's acceptance of issues like commercial advertising to children and industrial destruction of the environment. This book also talks about emphasizing parental and governmental responsibility to ensure that the society in which they live supports the well-being of their children.

Campos, David. Expanding Waistlines: An Educator's Guide to Childhood Obesity. Rotterdam, NL: Sense Publishers, 2007. Print.

Expanding Waistlines is a book for child advocates and youth-serving professionals who are looking to learn more about childhood obesity. Expanding Waistlines talks about how overweight or obese children and youth risk a wide range of medical complications and also shares the latest demographic data, BMI calculations and classifications, recommended guidelines for health.

Brittany Balsiger: Popular Books

Becker, Geoffrey. Mad Cow Disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy). New York: Nova
Science Publishers, 2008. Print

This book is about important facts that correlate with BSE. The book goes into how cows first get mad cow and then how it can be transferred to humans. It also goes over what BSE has done to economies and what has been done to try to prevent the spread of BSE to other cows and to humans.

Yam, Philip. The Pathological Protein. New York: Copernicus Books, 2003. Print

This book gets into how contracting BSE may be easier than one would think. It also goes into how hard it is to kill the prion that is BSE and how different mad cow is from other prions. It delves into how BSE developed into the threat it is today and what scientists know (or more accurately; don’t know) about BSE.

Popular books- Amy Foss

Works Cited

Hornbacher, Marya. Wasted: a Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia. New York, NY: HarperPerennial, 1999. Print.

This book is about a women who decided she was fat at the age of five, and by age nine she was secretly bulimic. By age fifteen she was anorexic and the shuttle back and forth between anorexia and bulimia continued till she was twenty years old and fifty five pounds. This book focuses on her struggle to recover and the obstacles she had to endure to get back on track to recovery. This book will help my research because it provides a very descriptive account of what it is like to struggle with an eating disorder your whole life and what factors can lead into a person developing such a disorder.

Knapp, Caroline. Appetites: Why Women Want. New York: Counterpoint, 2003. Print.

In this book author Caroline Knapp writes about her struggle with anorexia. She argues the question; how does a woman know, and then honor, what it is she wants in a culture bent on shaping, defining, and controlling women and their desires. She uses her own experiences to explore this question. This book will be valuable to my research because it gives me insight into the disorder from someone that has experienced an eating disorder firsthand. This is important because I myself do not understand the mindset that someone is in while battling an eating disorder. So this information will help me have a background of the disorder while continuing my research.

popular books

Humble, Nicola. Cake: A Global History. New York: Reakiton Books, 2010. Print.

This book explore various types of cakes and their history.  Humble goes through history of the decorations, occasions and other significances of many different types of cakes and their development as a part of our society.  This book will be helpful in tracking some developmental history in baking as part of society, which is part of what my paper discusses.

Muller, H.G. Baking and Bakeries. New York: Shire Press, 2009. Print.

This book looks into bread baking and bakeries, almost since their beginning.  It talks about different tools, recipes and ways of production that have occurred over the years of bread baking.  Muller focuses on the industrialization of bread baking, which is a large part of what I plan to discuss in my next paper-the industrialization of baking.

2 Popular Books - Tamara Bennett

Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: the Penguin Group, 2006. Print.

In this book Michael Pollan discusses the background to the infamous question about what we should have to eat. The natural choices we make about what two eat, what decides those choices, and the many things we are unaware that should be a factor when deciding what to eat. The Omnivore’s Dilemma is split up into three sections, one on industrialized food, alternative and organic food, and hunting and gathering. He follows each food chain and dives in deep to what each entails. This book would be really helpful for my topic on agricultural production because of how much this book goes into detail about the different aspects including problems or concerns that are associated with the whole process of agriculture production.

Murray, Sarah. Moveable Feasts: The Incredible Journeys of The Things We Eat. London: Aurum Press Limited, 2007. Print.

In Moveable Feasts Sarah Murray argues that all the things we eat are eminently moveable. She explains that this movement of food over long distances has been part of human life for centuries, which is a result of the inevitable consequence for the quest of substance. What we eat has traveled inside everything from wooden barrels to atmosphere-controlled shipping containers. Our food travels thousands of miles, sometimes even to make what seem to be unnecessary adventures. Murray gives an example of how fish from the U.S. travel to China frozen, are defrosted for filleting, then refrozen and shipped back to the U.S. because the cost to transport is so cheap and efficient that it costs less than the cost of labor to do it here in the U.S. Murray goes into detail further within the moveable food chain and talks about the complex technologies and systems, the history of the moveable food chain, the ability to send food across international borders benefits the consumer and the producer, and the complex tradeoffs of ensuring a sustainable food supply. This book is helpful to my topic on agriculture production because it shows us the importance of transportation in the overall process of agricultural production.

2 popular books- Haley Tellesbo

Cook, Christopher D. Diet for a Dead Planet: How the Food Industry Is Killing Us. New York: New, 2004. Print.
In this book, Cook argues that food safety is in the hands of the food industry and they are concerned with earning more. Agriculture, for instance, is becoming a business with large corporations in control are invested in productivity and profits. These businesses are ultimately killing us; 5,000 people died from food poisonings last year. This book will be a great addition to my research since it adds more scientific proof that the food industry has been harming us in order to earn more money.

Pawlick, Thomas. The End of Food. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade, 2006. Print.
In this book, Pawlick argues that the food industry is sucking the nutrients out of our food. Replacing the nutrients are harmful ingredients that can in fact be toxic to our body. The current method of food production is geared towards profit. Food safety is not a top priority for the food industry. This popular book will be helpful in my research to prove that the food industry plays a major role in the contamination of food because of greed.

Popluar books - Jasmin Johnson

In African American Food Culture, William Frank Mitchell argues the importance of African American foodways in African American history. Mitchell begins by explaining how African American cuisines are one of the first culinary fusions in America. The author goes on to explain how different dishes are tied to the "identity" of African Americans and represent different traditions from the past.

Mitchell, William Frank. African American Food Culture. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2009.Print.

In Regional American Food Culture, Lucy Long argues that regional foods in America "are complex and often difficult to identify" (IX). Long explains how even if a certain food represents a region's identity, that same food can be food almost anywhere in America. The author explains how regional foods criss-cross all over the place and do not fit in to any set boundaries.

Long, Lucy M. Regional American Food Culture. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2009. Print.

2 Popular Books

Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York:
Penguin Press, 2006. Print.

Michael Pollan examines the American diet. The diet consists on unhealthy, harmful foods due to the readily access available to food. In the second section of the book, Pollan researches an organic farm to analyze the productivity versus nutritional value and environmental health. This source is most beneficial regarding the organic farming section because it is an example of a farm that balances economy and environment in its processes.

Edwards, Andres R. The Sustainability Revolution: Portrait of a Paradigm Shift.
Gabriola, BC: New Society Pubishers, 2005. Print.

Andres Edwards investigates the current desire to shift to sustainable living-“The Sustainability Revolution”. He acknowledges the many factors that contribute to sustainable living and compares them to economic needs. This book is very helpful to understand the different elements of sustainable living- including sustainable agriculture- and how they affect the economy. I will be able to use this when arguing a balance between economic and environmental health.

Popular Books, Sara Houser

Lendler, Ian. Alcoholica Esoterica: A Collection of Useful and Useless Information As It Relates to the History and Consumption of All Manner of Booze. New York: Penguin Group, 2005. Print.

Ian Lendler argues the disgusting factors of alcoholic beverages in the book "Alcoholica Esoterica: A Collection of Useful and Useless Information As It Relates to the History and Consumption of All Manner of Booze." This book discusses the what, when, why, and how of alcohol. The what is the ingredients of alcohol, the when is the history of when it all began, the why is reasons people participate in drinking alcohol and the how is everything else about alcohol. This book would be useful to use for my next essay because it has a variety of information in it that will support my reasons of how alcohol affects college students.

Wechsler, Henry, and Bernice Wuethrich. Dying to Drink: Confronting Binge Drinking on College Campuses. Rodale, 2002. Print.

Authors Wechsler and Wuethrich argue the dangers of drinking in the book "Dying to Drink: Confronting Binge Drinking on College Campuses." This book discusses how college campusses center a lot of their social events around drinking such as fraternity initiation, twenty-first birthdays, football tailgating, "bar crawls", and more. This only brings danger to students health on campus by putting themselves in risk for dangerous accidents. I think that this book will be an excellent source for my next essay arguing drinking on college campusses.

Popular Books

Bolton, Giles. Poor Story: An Insider Discovers How Globalization And Good Intentions Have Failed The World's Poor. Ontario: Key Porter Books Unlimited, 2007.

In this book Giles Bolton searches for answers as to why, after numerous decades of facing poverty, Africa has countries that are amongst the poorest and hungriest in the entire world. Mr. Bolton searches where all this aid is going to and discovers that the money and food that is sent to Africa, does not usually reach its intended target. Mr. Bolton finds that within Africa, there is a problem with the political system that prevents the neediest of population to obtain these essential resources.

Pomerantz, Phyllis R. Aid Effectiveness In Africa: Developing Trust Between Donors And Governments. Maryland: Lexington Books, 2004.

Phyllis R. Pomerantz discusses one of the main issues as to why aid and food in Africa is curtailed from the intended targets is because we lack the knowledge of the political and cultural diversity within Africa. Pomerantz argues that the method that we are doing right now, throwing money at the problem, is not working because it is not used to support the hopeless but to benefit wars. Pomerantz argues that not regulating these supplies allows countries to fund their wars and feed their soldiers while agitating the problem even further. Pomerantz argues that we need to regulate where the supplies we send to Africa go to to ensure that the intended population receives the goods.

2 Popular Books

In her novel, Empty Pleasures: The Story of Artificial Sweeteners, Carolyn de la Pena wanted to find out why consumers chose diet products, sweetened with artificial sweeteners. One of her arguments is that working women who are board at their jobs and are busy at home as well with raising families, feel that a diet soda is a reward. A reward that has zero calories and is guilt free. She argues that these sweeteners are great for diabetics and can in fact help people loose weight. But she also argues the other side, that some consumers are unsure of the product. Such as why it has zero calories and what it is really made of in the lab.

De La Pena, Carolyn. Empty Pleasures: The Story of Artificial Sweeteners from

Saccharin to Splenda. University of North Carolina, 2010. Web.

In the book, Sweet Deception: Why Splenda, NutraSweet and the FDA May be Hazardous to Your Health, Joseph Mercola and Kendra Degen Pearsell argue that artificial sweeteners can cause both temporary and permeate damage to your body. With side effects like loss of vision, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, emmory loss, visual impairment, weight gain, increased cancer risk, and even death. The authors argues that there are literally a dozen more symptoms.

Mercola, Joseph, and Kendra Degan Pearsall. Sweet Deciption: Why Splenda,

NutraSweet, and the FDA May Be Hazardous to Your Health. Nelson, 2006.

Web.